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Determination of relative potency EC
2020-02-22
Determination of relative potency (EC50) by dose response assays in vitro is subject to the same sources of variability as determination of affinity, since the EC50 and Hill slope of the dose response curve are highly dependent on the binding of ligand to a competing receptor that may be present, an
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The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by
2020-02-22
The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by estrogen and other growth factors (Alvaro et al., 2006; DeMorrow, 2009; Mancino et al., 2009). It has also been reported that estrogen positively modulates cholangiocyte proliferation, which is associated with cholangiopathies found in humans
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br Acknowledgements Professor Olli A J
2020-02-22
Acknowledgements Professor Olli A. Jänne is warmly thanked for support and for providing excellent research facilities. Professor Patrik Finne is acknowledged for his help with statistical analyses. Drs Ronald Evans, Vincent Giguère, Jorma Palvimo, Malcolm Parker, and Anastasia Kralli are acknowl
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Prostaglandins PGs in particular PGE and PGF play pivotal
2020-02-22
Prostaglandins (PGs), in particular PGE2 and PGF2α, play pivotal roles in human parturition by stimulating cervical ripening, myometrial contraction and fetal membrane rupture (Challis et al., 1997). In human pregnancy, the amnion is the principle source of PGE2 (Duchesne et al., 1978). In the amnio
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br Materials and methods br Results
2020-02-22
Materials and methods Results Discussion Chronic inflammation is central to COPD and plays a critical role in the disease pathogenesis and progression. Among the various inflammatory cells, neutrophils are the key players in COPD pathogenesis. Their numbers are raised in airspaces and lung
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The total reduced glutathione content was determined in both
2020-02-22
The total reduced glutathione content was determined in both Sildenafil to examine whether retinol was decreasing glutathione concentrations and thus decreasing the conjugation of NAPQI. Total hepatic (3.9±0.3 vs 4.9±1.0 μmol/g, retinol vs untreated, respectively) and renal (0.4±0.1 vs 0.2±0.1 μmol
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br Discussion Previous studies have reported conflicting ass
2020-02-22
Discussion Previous studies have reported conflicting association results between the functional variant DBH −1021C>T and PD [8], [9]. Our findings would suggest that DBH −1021C>T does not dramatically decrease the risk of disease although it may marginally affect symptomatic AAO. However, whethe
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The component E of PDHc PDHc
2020-02-21
The component E1 of PDHc (PDHc-E1) catalyzes the first step of multistep processes, using thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg2+ as cofactors.15, 16 Especially, this PDHc-E1 catalyzed process is a rate limiting step among multistep processes. Accordingly, the PDHc should be inactive by inhibiting the
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All DGKs have at least
2020-02-21
All DGKs have at least two cysteine-rich regions homologous to the C1A and C1B motifs of PKCs [26]. In theory, these domains may bind DAG, perhaps localizing DGKs to where DAG accumulates. However, no DGK C1 domain has so far been conclusively shown to bind DAG. In fact, structural predictions sugge
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br Results and discussion br Conclusion Analogues of triazol
2020-02-21
Results and discussion Conclusion Analogues of 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole have been designed, synthesized and characterized. To avoid late stage failure, it is important to study the preliminary pharmacokinetic parameters. The results of pharmacokinetic data suggested that, all molecu
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Introduction Cytochrome P CYP A is
2020-02-21
Introduction Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A is the most important enzyme involved in the metabolism of 30–40% of currently prescribed drugs [1]. The Eltrombopag level and activity of CYP3A show large intra- and inter-individual variability, which contributes to unpredictable drug response and toxicity. A
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Introduction We have recently identified that caseinkinase C
2020-02-21
Introduction We have recently identified that caseinkinase 2 (CK2) inhibition protects white matter (WM) from ischemic injury. We focused our research on CK2 because upregulation of CK2 activity is associated with many diseases, including ischemic injury [1,[6], [7], [8]]. This review highlights an
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It is common for plants that are deficient in P
2020-02-21
It is common for plants that are deficient in P to invest in their roots in order to maximise P uptake from the soil. Here, plants grown in soil amended with OA had a higher root biomass:shoot more helpful hints ratio compared with plants in the INORG-P treatment. Additionally, greater allocation of
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ClC is a member of the voltage gated
2020-02-21
ClC-3 is a member of the voltage-gated chloride channel superfamily and has many roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, IL-2, human recombinant progression and so on (Dai et al., 2005). A growing number of studies showed that ClC-3 encoded a volume-regulated Cl− channel (ICl,Vol) in heart, that co
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br Materials and methods br
2020-02-21
Materials and methods Results Discussion Approximately 90% of pulmonary emphysema causes are related to smoking and its progression in patients and are characterized by severity levels [5]. Experimental models using CS to induce emphysema are widely used because they resemble the emphysema
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