• Histamine in the central nervous system is produced mainly i

  2022-06-01

  

  Histamine in the central nervous system is produced mainly in the tuberomammillary nucleus and is implicated in learning and memory as well as sleep and wakefulness, feeding and drinking, and neuroendocrine regulation . For instance, treatment with antihistamines not only produces drowsiness but als

• Much evidence has demonstrated that the differential HER

  2022-05-31

  

  Much evidence has demonstrated that the differential HER2 level between normal tissue and a tumor helps to define HER2 as an ideal diagnostic and treatment target. Thus, HER2 status can be incorporated into a clinical decision, along with other prognostic factors, such as the LX7101 HCL receptor (E

• Methyllycaconitine citrate mg br Acknowledgments This review

  2022-05-31

  

  Acknowledgments This review is based in part on research conducted with financial support from the General Research Fund (17112914) of the Hong Kong Research Grant Council and from the Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research by University Research Committee of the University of Hong Kong (20151

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments Anthony Koleske is

  2022-05-31

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments Anthony Koleske is thanked for helpful discussions and for providing p190RhoGAP-A cDNA. Anatoly Kiyatkin and Mark Lemmon are thanked for use of the BioTek Synergy 2 plate reader for the MANT assays. Leena Kuruvilla is thanked for assistance with the thermal shift a

• Ivabradine HCl br Rho family GTPases are molecular switches

  2022-05-31

  

  Rho-family GTPases are molecular switches; most which cycle from an ‘on’ GTP bound state to an ‘off’ GDP bound state, driven by GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) and GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) respectively. Association with lipid membranes through a lipid (farnesyl or geranylgerany

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2022-05-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Reduced glutathione is considered to be one of the important regulators of REDOX balance in the biological system. The cellular concentration of 4-HNE under physiological conditions ranges from 0.1 to 3μM and has no detrimental effect in the biologic

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion GSK overex

  2022-05-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion GSK-3 overexpression diminishes neurogenesis (Fuster-Matanzo et al., 2013, Kondratiuk et al., 2013, Sirerol-Piquer et al., 2011), while the inhibition of GSK-3 with lithium or valproate enhances neurogenesis, as measured by cell proliferation, the nu

• In conclusion our results show that P C enhances

  2022-05-31

  

  In conclusion, our results show that P7C3 enhances endogenous neurogenesis by upregulating the generation of endogenous neuroblasts and neural stem/progenitor cells by increasing the expression of neuroprotective proteins (Bcl-2, ki67, DCX, adam11, adamts20, and β-tub3) by activation of the cAMP/PKA

• The GPR receptor is also emerging as an important therapeuti

  2022-05-31

  

  The GPR55 receptor is also emerging as an important therapeutic target. GPR55−/− mice possess no overt phenotype, but were protected in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Staton et al., 2008). Staton et al. (2008) reported that no GPR55 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in the animals. Also

• pregnane x receptor br Activity dependent control of myelina

  2022-05-31

  

  Activity-dependent control of myelination and myelin maintenance Oligodendrocytes have intrinsic myelinating capacity and can myelinate fixed pregnane x receptor in addition to synthetic nanofibers and micropillars [21, 34, 35]. What prevents oligodendrocytes from myelinating dendrites or other

• Among prostaglandins PG PGD remained the most

  2022-05-31

  

  Among prostaglandins (PG), PGD2 remained the most elusive species for a long time and was initially regarded as having negligible biological activity [1]. In 1974 its inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation was discovered by Smith et al. [2] and Mills & McFarlain [3], and both pressor and depresso

• Some studies show that testosterone

  2022-05-31

  

  Some studies show that testosterone may be involved in regulating cell proliferation and its stimulating effect has been proved in castrated rats (Wainwright et al., 2011), but not in mice and meadow voles (Ormerod and Galea, 2003; Benice and Raber, 2010). However, the seasonal difference in cell pr

• The standard model of stress

  2022-05-31

  

  The standard model of stress postulates the activation of both the sympathoadrenomedullary axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Long-term activation of either neuroendocrine axes has been shown to be harmful [12]. Short-term activation of the sympathoadrenomedullary axis is used t

• In contrast to short term effects long term exposure

  2022-05-31

  

  In contrast to short-term effects, long-term exposure of beta cells to FFAs impairs insulin secretion and triggers apoptosis [13]. The deleterious effects of FFAs have been linked to altered glucose/fatty NB-598 oxidation cycle [13], decreased NADPH content [14], endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [

• Glucose uptake a critical metabolic control point in glycoly

  2022-05-31

  

  Glucose uptake, a critical metabolic control point in glycolysis, is mediated by the GLUT (SLC2) family of integral membrane transporters (Mueckler and Thorens, 2013). GLUT1 (SLC2A1), one of the most well-studied members of the SLC2 family, exhibits a wide tissue distribution; cell surface expressio

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